Kyphosis

Kyphosis

The upper back (thoracic spine) consists of the middle 12 vertebrae, which connect to the ribs. Kyphosis is a forward rounding of the upper back. Some rounding is normal, but the term "kyphosis" usually refers to an exaggerated rounding, more than 40 to 45 degrees. This deformity is also called dowager's hump or hunchback.

Kyphosis can occur as a result of developmental problems; degenerative diseases, such as arthritis of the spine; trauma to the spine; or osteoporosis. As the vertebrae weaken, compression fractures can occur which cause the vertebrae to collapse, creating a forward, hump-like curvature of the spine. Vertebroplasty — in which bone cement is injected into the affected vertebrae — can be effective in controlling the pain associated with compression fractures.